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Eye-tracking device operation principle diagram

Eye-tracking devices operate by illuminating the eyes, detecting reflections from the cornea and pupil, and calculating gaze direction using image processing and geometric analysis.

Basic Principle

Eye trackers measure where a person is looking by tracking eye movements and gaze direction. The most common method is video-based eye tracking, which uses a camera and infrared (IR) light to detect the pupil center and corneal reflection (glint). This method is called Pupil-Center Corneal Reflection (PCCR).

Step-by-

Step Operation

Illumination: Near-infrared LEDs illuminate the eyes.

I

R light is invisible to the user but creates high-contrast reflections on the cornea and pupil. Reflection Detection: The camera captures the pupil center and the glint from the cornea. The corneal reflection remains relatively stable while the pupil moves with the eye.

Gaze Calculation: The system calculates the vector between the pupil center and corneal reflection. Using geometric models, this vector is translated into a point of gaze on a screen or in 3D space. Data Processing: Software processes the captured images to detect fixations, saccades, and pupil diameter changes.

The gaze data can then be analyzed for attention, reading patterns, or interaction with virtual environments.

Conceptual Diagram Description

A simplified diagram of a screen-based eye tracker includes: Infrared LEDs: Positioned near the camera to illuminate the eyes. Camera: Captures images of the eyes and reflections. Pupil Center: Detected as a dark circular region in the eye.

Corneal Reflection (Glint): Bright spot on the cornea caused by IR light. Processing Unit: Computes gaze direction from the pupil-glint vector. Output: Displays gaze point on a screen or logs data for analysis.

CodeCopy[IR LEDs] ---> ---> ---> [Processing Unit] ---> [Gaze Output] | ^ | | Pupil Center Corneal Reflection Types of Eye TrackersScreen-based: Mounted near a monitor; suitable for lab studies and HCI research.

Wearable/

Glasses: Cameras and LEDs embedded in spectacles; track gaze in real-world environments. VR/AR Integrated: Embedded in headsets; track gaze for immersive applications.

Key Considerations

Calibration: Required to map eye positions to screen coordinates accurately. Lighting Conditions: IR-based systems are sensitive to ambient light. Accuracy: Depends on camera resolution, LED placement, and software algorithms.

Eye-tracking devices provide non-invasive, real-time measurement of gaze, enabling applications in psychology, neuroscience, marketing, accessibility, and virtual reality.

Eye-tracking device operation principle diagram

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